Here’s a practical guide to preventing Leishmania in dogs, especially if you’re in a hotspot like Sicily:
It is recommended that any healthy dogs living in or visiting areas endemic for Leishmania for purposes such as tourism, or working activities like military, disaster or sentry work, should be protected from sand fly bites to prevent Leishmania infections (individual protection).
Important: Only a sand fly repelling product reduces the risk of infection with Leishmania.
1. Use a good Repellent Collar
Seresto is a top pick—it repels sandflies (plus ticks and fleas).
• Lasts 7–8 months, so it’s great for long seasons.
• Put it on before sandfly season starts (April/May, depending on the weather).
2. Spot-On Treatments
Products like Advantix® Spot-on and Frontline Tri-Act® has pyrethroids (permethrin and deltamethrin) as the active ingredient, which helps repel sandflies.
• Typically applied every 2-4 weeks (be sure to read the recommended application interval for the product).
• Important: almost all pyrethroids are toxic to cats, so be very aware not to use any products that are not licensed for cats.
3. Avoid Sandfly Exposure
Sandflies are most active at dusk and dawn, especially in warm, humid areas.
• Keep dogs indoors at night, especially from May to October.
• Use fine mesh screens on windows if you leave them open.
• You can also use insecticide-treated nets over dog beds.
4. Vaccination
There’s a vaccine (like CaniLeish) available in Europe.
• It doesn’t prevent infection completely but boosts the immune system so dogs are less likely to get sick.
• Usually used alongside other preventive measures—not instead of them.
5. Immune-Boosting Supplements
Some vets recommend Immunoregulin or Leisguard syrup (domperidone) to help the dog’s immune system fight off the parasite.
• Ask your vet if it’s suitable for your dog, especially if you’re in an endemic area.
Bonus Tip:
If you’re traveling between high-risk and low-risk areas, always treat dogs before and after the trip — sandflies are sneaky.